The first Mass celebrated in what is now the U.S. took place in 1569 in St. Augustine, Florida under Spanish auspices. He is the author of Introduction to the Study of African Classical Civilizations] (1993) and the editor of Unchained African Voices, a collection of poetry and prose by Death Row inmates at California's San Quentin maximum-security prison. In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? Prince Easterbrooks - a slave in Lexington who had enlisted in Captain John Parker's militia and who was wounded at Concord, April 19, 1775. For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: [emailprotected]. The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. Black History, American History. . Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. African Presence in Early America (1987) is focused on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. Global Research cit., p.37. Stephen Jett in Riley, Kelley, Pennington and Rands (eds. Pp. In 1994 they published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. The most striking similarities between the two cultures are seen in the magnificent stone structures that have been found on both sides of the Atlantic. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west; Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. Revised Edition II, 2018. Rev. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Become Member of One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages (from early fourteenth to late fifteenth century). For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master., Ivan Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, in Ivan Van Sertima (ed.). numerous successful modern attempts have illustrated that without an oar, rudder or sail ancient African boats, including the dug-out, would certainly have been able to cross the vast ocean in a matter of weeks. One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41st Congress of Americanists in Mexico in September 1974, that African skulls had been discovered at Olmec sites in Tlatilco, Cerro de las Mesas and Monte Alban. According to Michael Coe, the worlds foremost authority on Olmec culture, There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in Mesoamerica, whether Mexican or Mayan, rest ultimately on an Olmec base.32 Van Sertima adds: The Olmec civilization was formative and seminal: it was to touch all others on this continent, directly or indirectly.33, Olmec monument from Tres Zapotes, Mexico (c. 1100 B.C. brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America. On the strength of the colossal Olmec heads and other evidence, several early Mexican scholars concurred with Melgars contention that Black people settled the New World, particularly Mexico, in antiquity. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA For example, there are hand-shaped incense spoons found in Olmec sites that are almost identical to their Eyptian counterparts and have similar names. What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?. Africa and the Discovery of America - A 1920 Review from the Journal Of Negro History," Leo Weiner, p 164-168. . In the last twenty or thirty years several discoveries have rewritten the " possibility' of Atlantis and called into question the archaeological lock-out of the topic of submerged and lost/hidden lands. German toxicologist, Svetla Balabanova, reported findings of cocaine and nicotine in ancient Egyptian mummies. Alex Stevens they way africans view africa is the correct way, just a place on the other side of the continent. Ivan Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient America, in Ivan Van Sertimas (ed.). Numerous wall paintings in caves in Juxtlahuaca depict the famous ancient Egyptian opening of the mouth and cross libation rituals. When the skulls were carefully examined, one of the world's leading skull A number of black leftists survived the most repressive years of the early Cold War to participate in the post-war African American civil rights movement. 2 0 obj The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. N17 9HT. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. This high culture is now known as the Olmec civilization. On Monday [October 13 2014], Americas government offices, businesses, and banks all grind to a halt in order to commemorate Columbus Day. Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Sertima, ed. In 1994 the Smithsonian published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. <> Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. These substances are known to only be derived from American plants. ), Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America, Early America Revisited Paperback. %PDF-1.5 In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. The same is true for studies of the African diaspora, but that does not mean that African migration lacks significance in either field. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. ed. Directed by REMONE L. FOSTER, LL.B IMPORTANT NOTICE The first topic on the CAPE History Unit 1 syllabus requires students to consider one Advanced indigenous group (Maya, Inca or Aztec) and one simple indigenous group (Tupi, Kalinago and Taino). This is no longer possible. What makes the Tres Zapotes, La Venta and other Olmec sites unique is that the artifacts are similar in nature to artifacts and icons of the Mycenaean, the Malinke-Mande/Bambara and the Shang. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima, pp. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . How central the role was that African Americans played has never been completely told and, unfortunately, a pivotal part of that history has been excluded from this exhibit. 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? N . The outcome, I believe, is a comprehensive explanation of why and how the African slave trade expanded to unprecedented levels during the early modern period. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. The Hispanic/Latino presence took on a whole new dimension in the 1840s with the annexation of half of Mexicos territory to Why would native Americans venerate images so unmistakably African if they had never seen them before? Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region. In The First Americans Were Africans, Dr. Imhotep also makes this same passionate and comprehensive case for a radical rewrite of orthodox history. 1. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B.C. Meaningful indications of an African presence in ancient Japan have been unearthed from the most remote ages of the Japanese past. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. <> 6 0 obj Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero by Kate Clifford Larson 9.99; Black Athena revisited 15.99; A Kid's Guide to African American History: More than 70 Activities (A Kid's Guide series) 7.99; To move a continent : Kwame Nkrumah's role in African affairs, 1957-1966 9.99 Out of Stock. 102-117. 3 0 obj After all, history will tell you that seafaring is the quintessential European achievement, the single endeavor of which Europeans are awfully proud. The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). BLACK AFRICAS HISTORY This book was salvational in many ways at the time of its publication. In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. 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