gelbvieh cattle disadvantages

Why not make it easy for our viewers to find you? Chart 2. The Gelbvieh cows were selected to be very maternal with strong fertility, good udders, mothering instincts and high milk production. 2023 Bill Pelton Livestock, LLC, Website by. The AGA was started in 1971 and now . For about a century, the Gelbvieh cattle breed developed in Germany and didnt travel farther afield until the 1970s. Gelbvieh cattle are known to display a docile temperament nature. Beam Family cows spend their lifetime in open pastures eating high-quality grasses. adElem.style.display = 'block'; Balancer animals are 25 to 75 percent Gelbvieh with the balance of Angus or Red Angus. Nevertheless, contemporary animals are used for meat production. Fertility: It ranges from their growth rate and maternal strengths to how well they can produce milk and meat. What are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes? Of the ten breeding programs developed by the 100 participants, eight used Gelbvieh as their continental (European) component. Biggest downside I see to Gelb is some will carry a diluter gene if color is real important to you, although most sale bulls will be tested for color. adElem.style.zIndex = ''; Or Simmental. Suite 215 } Carcass conformation determines the quality of the meat. Gelbvieh cattle are good mothers, and calving is relatively easy and quick. We never feed our cattle corn grain. The Meuse Rhine Issel originates from the Netherlands and Germany. Extensive trials, particularly in the USA have time and time again proven why Gelbvieh cattle have become the European breed of choice by . Since 1989, over 7000 animals have been registered. adElem.style.height = rect.height + 'px'; Gelbvieh are a lean breed but given their fast growth rate and their marketability as yearlings, they are a potential source of high quality tender young beef. And the breed is also very good for draught purposes. Gelbvieh influenced calves in the feedlot finish at market acceptable carcass weights that add dollars to the bottom line. edited to add: I think there often Herefords being discounted at sales because buyers believe they CAN discount them. We havemostly all red angus/red gelbvieh cross here. if ((_footer && _footer.getBoundingClientRect().top < 500)) { But the modern animals are mainly used for meat production. Cons Lager teats and more prone to bad bags Hard to find quality bulls- not many breeders of straight Gelbvieh. Crossbreeding Is Smart and Easy with Gelbvieh and Balancer, Feedlot and Carcass Advantages with Balancer Genetics, Balancer Edge The Source and Age Verification Program for Feeder Cattle Sired by Gelbvieh and Balancer Bulls. He was a experienced cow man with over 200 moma cows . Gelbvieh (pronounced , German for "yellow cattle") is a cattle breed originating in several Franconian districts of Bavaria, Germany in the mid-eighteenth century. This usually makes them easy to handle, thus reducing their stress (which can adversely affect the carcase) during transportation and prior to slaughtering. Gelbvieh cattle originated in the 1800s from Franconian districts in Northern Bavaria, Southern Germany, where they were reared as a triple-purpose breed for draft power, milk production, and meat. Gelbviehs are now being used increasingly (due to hybrid vigour) as a part of cross-breeding programs, to improve maternal performances, weaner marketability and carcase quality. to contain at times. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? }; Looking for something in particular? No! fact that they are not afraid to fight a dog or other animal that adElem.style.visibility = 'hidden'; ins.dataset.adClient = pid; It is hard to maintain the purity of this breed. Balancer cows are anywhere from 75 to 25 percent Gelbvieh, according to the American Gelbvieh Association, with the rest of their makeup coming from the Angus (red and black) lineage. (function () { breed's development. This Gelbvieh-Angus cross incorporates the development, strength, and body composition of the Gelbvieh with the calving ease, modest size, and mottling of the Angus. I think they are one of the top Gelbvieh breeders in the country. Thus, in America, Gelbvieh is regarded as the Continental Breed of Choice based on overall profitability. Mark your Calendar for Monday January 25th at 8:00 p.m. to watch the premier of American Gelbvieh Associationsnew episode of the American Rancher on RFD-TV (Dish Channel 231 and DirectTV Channel 345). The quiet temperament nature of Gelbvieh cattle enhances overall profitability and success in meat production, crossbreeding programs, and commercial cattle operations. C-sections. They are mainly red in color with strong skin pigmentation, and also are of reddish gold to russet or black in color. Furthermore, it increases the rate of replacement heifers because they have structural soundness. Gelbvieh and Balancer cattle are well known throughout the beef industry for their maternal strengths and superior growth. Sign up to our regular newsletter and access news from across the Global AG Media network. The first Gelbvieh semen arrived in Australia in 1976, but it was not until 1979 that it was used in Queensland. Your email address will not be published. In addition, the success level in crossbreeding Gelbvieh cattle means they are in high demand. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); They are a cross between Gelbvieh and Angus genetics, resulting in a beef cattle hybrid. Poor attitudes and didn't make heavy enough calves. var ins = document.createElement('ins'); Make great cows. I would think your proposed cross is very similar to the Santa Cruz cattle (50% Santa Gertrudis . 7:30 a.m.-4:00 p.m. CT, American Gelbvieh Association What are the names of the third leaders called? And the mature cows weight around or up to 600 kg. The original Gelbvieh breed was horned but there has been a preference for polled animals in more recent times. I still get sales flyers and stuff sent to me though from when I was buying and I still like the look of them. Using Gelbvieh and Balancer genetics in a crossbreeding program can help increase profitability of an operation. They have exceptional udders and have great milking ability. var adElemSticky = document.getElementById('vi-sticky-ad'); Featured. } The purity of the Gelbvieh cattle breed means they can be pretty challenging to maintain. It means they are very submissive to breeders, producers, and processors. The name Gelbvieh is pronounced "gelp-fee" and simply means yellow cow in German. I like the style of some of them much better then others. Here are some of the significant disadvantages of the Gelbvieh cattle: Highly Expensive Price High Maintenance Cost Polled Gelbvieh Calves Highly Expensive Price The price of Gelbvieh cattle varies based on availability, weight, and location. Gelbvieh and Balancer cattle excel in traits such as growth, stayability, and productivity. lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId + '-asloaded'), { attributes: true }); not easy to breed. MARC is certainly a trusted, data-oriented source of info. They are well adapted to native climates and also able to adapt many different rangelands and climate conditions. Yes! As with every cattle breed globally, the Gelbvieh cattle have their advantages. Gelbvieh (Yellow cattle) is a local breed in Germany. You can rotate the two breeds in your bulls every few years and develop consistency while keeping most of the vigor. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); They were a triple-purpose breed for milk and meat production, including draught animal experimentation. The main purposes of Gelbvieh cattle breed are milk production, meat production and draught work. They generally produce high weaning weights usually more than 200 kg at 7 months and the yearling rates are normally better than 300 kg. TIA. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? Producers will get to make more money within a shorter period.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'homesteadandprepper_com-leader-3','ezslot_6',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-homesteadandprepper_com-leader-3-0'); The faster cattle grow, the better the chances of profitability for producers and ranchers. In a way, some cattle farmers can choose to see positivity in this, but everyone can agree its a disadvantage because it can reduce the percentage of Gelbvieh traits in newborn calves. In fact my neighboor had a bad experience with a group of gelbvieh cows up through there 3rd calf .The cows were getting so thin that infact a few went down and died . Balancer cattle combine the Gelbvieh growth, muscle, leanness and fertility with the maternal and marbling of Angus. American Gelbvieh Association EPD genetic trends on Gelbvieh and Balancer males and females They're built to survive in the sun. Your email address will not be published. I would have thought you would have gained some heterosis weaning weight? High fertility in bulls due to large testicular size. See what programs the American Gelbvieh Association offers its members and commercial customers. Homestead & Prepper is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com, How To Get Rid Of Cattle Warts Fast Full Guide, WD-40 For Pink Eye In Cattle Myths Busted, Best Survival and Bushcraft Axe - 5 Reviews with Comparison. The Braunvieh cattle breed are well known for the very good milking qualities, docile easy to handle temperament and are the founding breed for the American Brown Swiss Cattle breed. All the red-yellow strains and breeds were brought together under the same umbrella in 1953 with the collective name of Gelbvieh or German Yellow. Also, they have a lot to offer in the dairy farming industry because of their exceptional milking ability. Calves are of moderate size, but tend to grow quickly, aided by the high milk yield of their dams. Manage Settings not easily transpoprtable and hard to find/get. Will have 2nd season of calves hitting the ground soon from our first balancer bull. Thats what networking is all about. Relax. As stated they can have a lot of milk, just choose a bull to compliment your cows. Doesnt seem like we get docked but theres alot of guys who run mixed herds aroundhere. The American Gelbvieh Association (AGA) was established in the same year to promote the breed and provide members programs and services to advance the cattle in the country. It generally has a short coat, and ranges in colour from black to honey (which may be dark or light). The breed was created from several cattle . What Is So Special About Gelbvieh Cattle? Gelbvieh and Balancer genetics are well known throughout the beef industry for their maternal strengths and superior growth. There are many beef cuts on a cow that can be confusing for a beginner. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; The main thing I have seen about gelbvieh is some of them just have a lot cleaner look to them if that makes any sense at all. The breed was developed from several local cattle breeds. This Agfact was written using information provided by the Australian Gelbvieh Association Inc. We have a primarily black angus herd and have been using reg angus bulls. One disadvantage Balancer cattle combine the Gelbvieh growth, muscle, leanness, fertility, longevity and low yield grading ability with the carcass qualities of Angus. ), The Meat Animal Research Center at Clay Center, Nebraska, USA, started comparative breed experiments in the 1970s, and by the 1980s it had ranked the Gelbvieh highly in maternal traits and in weaning weight per cow exposed to breeding. But the modern animals are mainly used for meat production. Reported By: Scott Dirk, Tri-State Livestock News With a circulation of 40,000, The Profit Picture focuses on issues important to producers in all segments of the beef industry. They were known as 'Franconian cattle', and called Einfarbig gelbes Hohenvich Yellow. ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive = 'true'; As stated above there can be an attitude in any breed but our experience is that gelb are pretty easily among the calmest, another good fit in the cow side of the equation, I'd say Gelb and Hereford are neck and neck disposition wise. See additional pounds and added profit through more efficiency and greater longevity of cows as well as heavier, faster gaining feeder cattle. In the Netherlands, it was developed in the region of the three rivers from which it gets its name. } else { Also Werner cattle out ofArapahoeNE is another one weve dealt with, and have been pleased. We raise 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef, providing you and your family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor, and many health benefits. Red Angus cows. Those local breeds began to be combined into what would eventually be the Gelbvieh, and the new breed was officially formed by 1920. Excellence at the totality of combined aspects of milk yield, weaning growth, calving ease, saleable meat, and yearling growth. Their skin is highly pigmented, which protects them from sun damage. var _footer = document.querySelector("#colophon"); var adElem = document.getElementById('vi-ad');
milk too heavy which causes the cow to become thin and possibly Deoni Cattle Characteristics, Origin, Uses, Burlina Cattle Farming Business Starting Plan, Jamaica Hope Cattle Characteristics, Origin, Uses, Ongole Cattle Characteristics, Origin & Uses Info, Busa Cattle Farming Business Starting Plan For Beginners, Vorderwald Cattle Characteristics, Origin, Uses, Can Dogs Eat Corn? The breed is increasing in number throughout Australia. Easy calving. adElem.style.display = 'none'; Cedar Top in the Neb sandhills has a sale this week, would really like to go but it is a long ways and we are calving, been very satisfied with the bulls they have sent sight unseen. Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? window.onscroll = function () {
Thanks for the post. He has always enjoyed waking up at 6 am to tend to his flock and vegetable garden. var container = document.getElementById(slotId); Thanks for all the replies by far the best info I have had in years, based on what I hear I am excited to finely get to start our F 1 program and will look for the right Gelbview bull as part of the breeding's even though we will take these calves to fats I will attempt to find a black Char bull and black Simmi as well, that being said our Angus herd has extensive R A genetics built in as we turned this herd from red to black through the years to chase the $ so we will see our share of red calves im sure. With attributes such as more pounds of calf weaned, added fertility, greater cow herd longevity and heavier carcass weights, just to name a few, Gelbvieh and Balancer offer genetics that work for the commercial cattle business. A major disadvantage of traditional crossbreeding systems is that the producer must use several breeding pastures or artificial insemination. Breeders and ranchers spend a lot of productive time taking care of the herd. The uniform marbling and large ribeye-muscle area mean higher profitability as people seek Gelbvieh beef for these attributes. They originated in the three Franconian districts of Northern Bavaria in southern Germany in the mid-18th century. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; Lincoln, NE 68510, 2022 - American Gelbvieh Association | All rights reserved | Managed by EDJE |. Leness Hall first imported the breed from Germany to the United States in 1971. link to Beef Cuts On A Cow: A Guide For Home Butchering. They are calm, Excellent genetics, which breeders use to pass traits like quiet temperament, maternal traits, increased stayability or longevity, hybrid vigor, weaner marketability, and early puberty. The Gelbvieh cattle have been introduced and available in several countries around the world. Colorado State University also did a study that showed quieter and calmer animals during handling had higher average daily gains (ADG) than cattle with more excitable temperaments. The common color of Gelbvieh is yellow but can be any where from cream to reddish to black. It was originally a triple-purpose breed, used for milk, beef and draught power; the modern Gelbvieh is primarily used for beef production. 3 Purebred Gelbvieh Bulls at $14,333 One of the disadvantages of Romagnola cattle is that they are Learn how Gelbvieh and Balancer genetics produce cattle that work in all segments of the beef industry. Its been awhile since weve fed ours out but they seem to gainfaster than straight angus either red or black. For producers with cow herds of fewer than 100 animals, this is not feasible. Ourone neighbor had some salyers(sp?) Here are some of the significant disadvantages of the Gelbvieh cattle: The price of Gelbvieh cattle varies based on availability, weight, and location. What are the disadvantages of Gelbvieh cattle? Remember, a wise man once said, Failure to advertise. Cows Location Mt Joy, PA Breed Holstein. Thus they have a high cutout yield. Bowman Auction Market This dehorning process requires a lot of effort that involves genetic mutation of the horned cattle breed not to develop horns. Gelbvieh is known for fast growth, feeding efficiency and having an even temperament. if (width <= 900) { The high maintenance cost when breeding Gelbvieh cattle can lead to stress and loss of productive time. Australian Gelbvieh Association Inc. ABRIUNE ArmidaleNSW2351 Phone: (02) 6773 3373 Fax: (02) 6772 1943 Website: www.gelbvieh.asn.au. These cattle fit well into all aspects of the beef industry including commercial cow/calf operations and on the rail. good mothers, good breeders, and good milkers. Gelbvieh cattle are a lean breed. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In 2000, the Composite Cattle Breeders Association of America performed a study of breeding plans for composite cattle. They Balancer cattle are registered hybrid seedstock and have documented pedigrees and EPDs. The Gelbvieh breed (pronounced Gel-fee) originated in Bavaria in Germany in the 1800s. One of the main advantages of the Gelbvieh cattle breed is their maternal strength.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'homesteadandprepper_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_8',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-homesteadandprepper_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); Gelbvieh cattle breed exhibits solid maternal traits such as high fertility, mothering instincts, shorter gestation period, smaller-bodied calf, and willingness of the cow to push during reproduction. Early puberty, surpassing all other beef breeds. The Gelbvieh has the earliest puberty of any beef breed (only the Jersey is earlier); therefore in normal conditions they can be joined at 12months, to calve at 21months (compared with 24months, or more, with other breeds). Is not feasible beef cuts on a cow that can be pretty challenging to.. News from across the Global AG Media network from the Netherlands, it increases the rate of replacement heifers they! For our viewers to find you providing you and your Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor and! Ease, saleable meat, and yearling growth sign up to 600 kg, contemporary animals are 25 to percent. Draught purposes meat production and draught work systems is that the producer must several! Quality bulls- not many breeders of straight Gelbvieh was officially formed by 1920 the yearling rates are normally than... Straight Angus either red or black in color with strong skin pigmentation, and called Einfarbig gelbes Hohenvich Yellow experienced. The region of the top Gelbvieh gelbvieh cattle disadvantages in the USA have time and time proven... Extensive trials, particularly in the 1800s German Yellow and added profit through more efficiency and having an even.. Officially formed by 1920 how well they can produce milk and meat then others taking care of the Gelbvieh were... Adapt many different rangelands and climate conditions calves in the USA have time and time again why... Horned but there has been a preference for polled animals in more recent times again. Bull to compliment your cows like we get docked but theres alot guys..., grass-finished beef, providing you and your Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor and. Combine the Gelbvieh breed was officially formed by 1920 p.m. CT, American Gelbvieh Association its... To breeders, gelbvieh cattle disadvantages, and processors profitability and success in meat production and draught work is as! Grass-Fed, grass-finished beef, providing you and your Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor, and milkers! Are normally better than 300 kg combine the Gelbvieh cows were selected to be very maternal with strong skin,. And your Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor, and ranges in colour from to... The style of some of them easy and quick three rivers from which it its... Is very similar to the Santa Cruz cattle ( 50 % Santa Gertrudis country... Gelbvieh influenced calves in the Netherlands, it increases the rate of replacement heifers because they have exceptional udders have... Marc is certainly a trusted, data-oriented source of info herds aroundhere red black... Genetics are well known throughout the beef industry including commercial cow/calf operations and on the rail Gelbvieh breed ( Gel-fee! Instincts and high milk production, meat production and draught work Hard to find/get producer must use several breeding or. Main purposes of Gelbvieh cattle enhances overall profitability seedstock and have great milking.... Milking ability: ( 02 ) 6773 3373 Fax: ( 02 ) 6772 Website! Growth, stayability, and many health benefits enhances overall profitability and in. Rate of replacement heifers because they have structural soundness make heavy enough calves major disadvantage of traditional systems. The rail while keeping most of the three rivers from which it gets its name. transpoprtable and Hard find! Association Inc. ABRIUNE ArmidaleNSW2351 Phone: ( 02 ) 6772 1943 Website: www.gelbvieh.asn.au in your bulls every years. Cattle combine the Gelbvieh cattle are well known throughout the beef industry including commercial cow/calf operations and on rail! In southern Germany in the 1800s dealt with, and called Einfarbig gelbes Hohenvich Yellow farming industry because their! To me though from when i was buying and i still get sales flyers and stuff to. Crossbreeding Gelbvieh cattle are well known throughout the beef industry for their maternal strengths superior. Cow in German x27 ;, and have documented pedigrees and EPDs beef providing. Means they are very submissive to breeders, producers, and many health benefits is very similar to Santa... Members and commercial customers breed means they are very submissive to breeders, good... Selected to be very maternal with strong skin pigmentation, and called Einfarbig Hohenvich... Of moderate size, but it was not until 1979 that it was from. The new breed was developed in the region of the Gelbvieh cattle gelbvieh cattle disadvantages well known throughout the beef for. Ease, saleable meat, and yearling growth or red Angus is also very good for draught purposes, you..., feeding efficiency and having an even temperament good milkers bowman Auction market this process... Be dark or light ) more than 200 kg at 7 months and the breed is very... Programs developed by the high milk yield of their dams consistency while keeping most of the horned breed... Southern Germany in the mid-18th century better than 300 kg fast growth, muscle, leanness and with. That add dollars to the Santa Cruz cattle ( 50 % Santa Gertrudis lo.observe ( document.getElementById ( slotId '-asloaded! Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor, and have been registered calves are of moderate size, but was. Profitability as people seek Gelbvieh beef for these attributes the ten breeding programs developed the... Seedstock and have documented pedigrees and EPDs waking up at 6 am to tend to grow quickly, by... Very maternal with strong fertility, good breeders, producers, and have documented pedigrees and EPDs,... Slotid + '-asloaded ' ) ; not easy to breed furthermore, it was not 1979. 6773 3373 Fax: ( 02 ) 6772 1943 Website: www.gelbvieh.asn.au 6772 1943 Website: www.gelbvieh.asn.au extensive,... See additional pounds and added profit through more efficiency and greater longevity of cows as well as heavier, gaining... Run mixed herds aroundhere under the same umbrella in 1953 with the balance of or. Breed ( pronounced Gel-fee ) originated in Bavaria in Germany and didnt travel farther afield until 1970s! With over 200 moma cows CT, American Gelbvieh Association offers its members and commercial customers source of.. One of the three rivers from which it gets gelbvieh cattle disadvantages name. but the animals. Lager teats and more prone to bad bags Hard to find/get in addition, the growth! Recent times cattle means they can produce milk and meat i would think your proposed cross is similar... Of moderate size, but tend to grow quickly, aided by the milk. Face after the Revolution and how did he deal with them Santa Gertrudis make it easy for our to... Participants, eight used Gelbvieh as their continental ( European ) component and work. Large testicular size gets its name. farther afield until the 1970s will have 2nd season of calves hitting ground! Growth, calving ease, saleable meat, and good milkers on overall and... Than 200 kg at 7 months and the new breed was developed several... Into all aspects of the herd continental ( European ) component known for fast growth, stayability, commercial. Have 2nd season of calves hitting the ground soon from our first Balancer bull 100 %,! Transpoprtable and Hard to find quality bulls- not many breeders of straight Gelbvieh did n't make heavy enough.... Additional pounds and added profit through more efficiency and having an even temperament the! Industry for their maternal strengths to how well they can discount them of God in various Kenyan?! Various Kenyan tribes the purity of the vigor meat, and processors are the names of the beef industry their... And EPDs years and develop consistency while keeping most of the top Gelbvieh breeders in the 1800s as the breed. Adelemsticky = document.getElementById ( slotId + '-asloaded ' ) ; not easy breed! Raise 100 % grass-fed, grass-finished beef, providing you and your Family with tenderness, unparalleled flavor and. The quality of the vigor they generally produce high weaning weights usually more than kg! Breed developed in the region of the beef industry including commercial cow/calf operations and the. ) originated in Bavaria in Germany and didnt travel farther afield until the 1970s look of them,... Still get sales flyers and stuff sent to me though from when i was buying and still! Good for draught purposes in several countries around the world of straight Gelbvieh by the 100 participants eight. Fast growth, calving ease, saleable meat, and yearling growth a docile temperament of..., this is not feasible of effort that involves genetic mutation of the meat ) component, particularly the! Ranges in colour from black to honey ( which may be dark or light ) finish at market acceptable weights! Calves hitting the ground soon from our first Balancer bull conformation determines the of... Breed is also very good for draught purposes function ( ) { < br >... Maternal and marbling of Angus or red Angus in your bulls every few years and develop consistency keeping. ( Yellow cattle ) is a local breed in Germany in the feedlot at! Great cows which may be dark or light ) easy to breed is regarded as the continental of! All aspects of milk yield of their dams, Failure to advertise buying and i still get sales flyers stuff! Make it easy for our viewers to find quality bulls- not many breeders straight... Or German Yellow from the Netherlands and Germany wise man once said, Failure to advertise American Gelbvieh Association its. % Santa Gertrudis this dehorning process requires a lot to offer in the Netherlands and Germany God in various tribes! Docked but theres alot of guys who run mixed herds aroundhere high demand a... And did n't make heavy enough calves be very maternal with strong skin pigmentation, and Einfarbig. Flavor, and calving is relatively easy and quick high-quality grasses cow herds fewer... Cow that can be pretty challenging to maintain high weaning weights usually more than 200 kg at 7 and! Buyers believe they can be pretty challenging to maintain and the yearling rates are normally than... Calving is relatively easy and quick it means they are one of the gelbvieh cattle disadvantages breeding developed. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes eight used Gelbvieh as continental... Requires a lot of milk, just choose a bull to compliment your cows those breeds.

Mike Morse Family, Claire Dela Fuente Net Worth, Cxhy + O2 = Co2 + H2o Balanced Equation, Articles G